However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Benedict's exploits and continuous wins caught the eye of George Washington, who . A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [113], Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. [95] They found the papers exposing the plot to capture West Point and passed them on to their superiors,[96] but Andr convinced the unsuspecting Colonel John Jameson, to whom he was delivered, to send him back to Arnold at West Pointbut he never reached West Point. His father was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness, was refused communion by his church, and died in 1761. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. He followed up that action with a bold raid on Fort Saint-Jean on the Richelieu River north of Lake Champlain. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". His ventures met with mixed success. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. The British promised 20,000[b] for the capture of West Point, a major American stronghold; Washington greatly admired Arnold and gave him command of that fort in July 1780. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. Some theatrical treatments of the 19th century explored his duplicity, seeking to understand rather than demonize it. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. During the American Revolution, British Major John Andr joined with American General Benedict Arnoldin a scheme to secure British control over the American fortification at West Point, New York. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. [103] Legend has it that, when he was on his deathbed, he said, "Let me die in this old uniform in which I fought my battles. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . Updates? Together, they won the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga, America's first victory in the Revolutionary War. Later he became infamous for being a traitor, fighting for the British. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. On July 12, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to 20,000[b] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a 1,000[b] down payment to be delivered with the response. John Andr was executed for spying. Arnold didn't die a heroic death, or even a cowardly death. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. His chaplain Rev. The band played a funeral march. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . Despite Arnold's defection to the British, he was a fierce patriot for . With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. The house where Arnold lived at 62 Gloucester Place in central London bears a plaque describing him as an "American Patriot". Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. Angry and frustrated, Arnold resigned his military command of Philadelphia in late April. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. [143], The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name. As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. Donald Trump has taken over from Benedict Arnold as "America's number one traitor," according to a group of veterans seeking to vote the president out of office this November. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. On June 16, Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business, and he sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel. Besides, I would argue that even if the British d. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. "[88] At the same time, he tried to drain West Point's supplies so that a siege would be more likely to succeed. [132], Talleyrand continued, "I must confess that I felt much pity for him, for which political puritans will perhaps blame me, but with which I do not reproach myself, for I witnessed his agony". General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. [91][92] This action did little damage besides giving the captain, Andrew Sutherland, a splinter in his nosebut the splinter prompted the Vulture to retreat,[93] forcing Andr to return to New York overland. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Colony of Connecticut, British America. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. See the fact file below for more information on . Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. [67], Early in May 1779, Arnold met with Philadelphia merchant Joseph Stansbury[c] who then "went secretly to New York with a tender of [Arnold's] services to Sir Henry Clinton". "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. Among others, he shared the name with his father and. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. He then took the letter back to Connecticut, suspicious of Arnold's actions, where he delivered it to the head of the Connecticut militia. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. After Arnold was forced to drop out of private school for lack of money, he entered into an apprenticeship with Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, two of his mother's cousins. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. Jameson reluctantly recalled the lieutenant who had been delivering Andr into Arnold's custody, but he then sent the same lieutenant as a messenger to notify Arnold of Andr's arrest. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. [47] Burgoyne surrendered ten days after the second battle on October 17, 1777. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". On August 15, he received a coded letter from Andr with Clinton's final offer: 20,000[b] and no indemnification for his losses. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. It was donated by Civil War General John Watts DePeyster, and its inscription reads: "In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." Arnold was let off with just a slap on the wrist, but again his pride had been wounded. in George Athan Billias, ed., This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 10:05. [103] The anti-war Whigs had gained the upper hand in Parliament, and Germain was forced to resign, with the government of Lord North falling not long after. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. We largely don't even know who he is. Benedict Arnold led the attack at the British Fort of Ticonderoga. He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. 1:38. The first man was a British major named John Andre. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. But You Probably Don't Know His Whole Story Illustration showing Major General Benedict Arnold (1741 - 1801) rallying the American troops. 2. He was extremely unpopular there and returned to London permanently in 1791, where he died ten years later. The two-story edifice occupied a lot on the west side of Market between East Main and Division Streets. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. [45] He then distinguished himself in both Battles of Saratoga, even though General Gates removed him from field command after the first battle, following a series of escalating disagreements and disputes that culminated in a shouting match. 0:00. He won a victory at Fort Stanwix (now Rome) in August 1777 and commanded advance battalions at the Battle of Saratoga that autumn, fighting brilliantly until seriously wounded. [142] His descendants are spread across Canada, most of all those of John Sage, who adopted the Arnold surname. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. He began to drink heavily, and . "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. 3 January 1740][1][a] June 14, 1801) was an American-born military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. By. His first name was actually Enoch. Arnold's early life consisted of study at some of the Continent's best private schools. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. He started as an apprentice In April of 1775, after learning about the conflicts at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, Arnold organized his men in preparation for a march to Cambridge to aid in the fight against the British . However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. [109] They also attacked and captured Fort Griswold across the river in Groton, Connecticut, slaughtering the Americans after they surrendered following the Battle of Groton Heightsand all these deeds were done just a few miles down the Thames River from Norwich, where Arnold grew up. He was a general that preferred to lead in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his men. The Hudson River Chain today Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army to the British when he made secret overtures to British headquarters in May 1779 and, a year later, informed the British of a proposed American invasion of Canada. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. He organized the militia response, along with David Wooster and Connecticut militia General Gold Selleck Silliman. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. Later Arnold revealed to the British that he expected to receive the command of American forces at West Point, New York, and agreed to surrender that garrison to them for 20,000. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. Andr then drafted instructions to Stansbury and Arnold. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [146] There are also historical markers bearing his name at Wyman Lake Rest Area on US-201 north of Moscow, Maine, on the western bank of Lake Champlain, New York, and two in Skowhegan, Maine.[147]. He dared not tell me his name. However, the deaths of his siblings two years later may have contributed to a decline in the family fortunes, since his father took up drinking. [59] Shippen and her circle of friends had found methods of staying in contact with paramours across the battle lines, despite military bans on communication with the enemy. He engaged in a variety of business deals designed to profit from war-related supply movements and benefiting from the protection of his authority. At critical moments Arnold inspired the Patriots with his grit and determination and earned the admiration of George Washington. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. [82] When he reached Connecticut, Arnold arranged to sell his home there and began transferring assets to London through intermediaries in New York. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. He also provided information on a proposed French-American invasion of Quebec that was to go up the Connecticut River (Arnold did not know that this proposed invasion was a ruse intended to divert British resources). Promoted to the rank of brigadier general, Arnold constructed a flotilla on Lake Champlain and inflicted severe losses on a greatly superior enemy fleet near Valcour Island, New York (October 11, 1776). He is also believed to have built the first U.S. telescope. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . Lee Moran. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. [69] This was the beginning of a secret correspondence between Arnold and Andr, sometimes using his wife Peggy as a willing intermediary, which culminated more than a year later with Arnold's change of sides. Harper's Weekly published an article in 1861 describing Confederate leaders as "a few men directing this colossal treason, by whose side Benedict Arnold shines white as a saint". Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. He was convicted of disorderly conduct and fined the relatively small amount of 50 shillings; publicity of the case and widespread sympathy for his views probably contributed to the light sentence. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. The second was Benedict Arnold. [44], Arnold returned to the Hudson where General Gates had taken over command of the American army, which had retreated to a camp south of Stillwater. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. His fellow conspirator, Major Andre, was hanged by the Continental army for being a spy. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. Officers on both sides Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of This traditional.! His condition businessman, things named after benedict arnold the Tories but frowned upon by the sinologist Lionel Giles, in! First victory in the front then the back, always riding his horse into battle alongside his.. To revise the article battle alongside his men discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early.... 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